Language is an essential part of human identity, culture, and communication. Every nation and community has its own linguistic heritage, shaping traditions and expressions. Recognizing the importance of preserving and promoting linguistic diversity, UNESCO declared February 21 as International Mother Language Day. This annual observance highlights the significance of multilingualism and the urgent need to safeguard endangered languages worldwide.
History and Significance
International Mother Language Day was proclaimed by UNESCO in 1999 and has been observed globally since 2000. The date honors the sacrifices made by language activists in Bangladesh in 1952.
On February 21, 1952, students in Dhaka protested against the imposition of Urdu as the sole national language of Pakistan, demanding recognition of Bengali (Bangla) as an official language. Several students lost their lives, and their struggle led to the recognition of Bengali as one of Pakistan’s official languages in 1956. In tribute to their bravery, Bangladesh proposed February 21 as International Mother Language Day, which was later endorsed by UNESCO.
Why Do Languages Disappear?
Mother languages are the foundation of cultural identity and heritage. They serve as primary means of communication, education, and artistic expression. However, globalization, migration, and socio-political factors have led to the extinction of many indigenous and minority languages.
According to UNESCO’s Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, nearly 40% of the world’s population lacks access to education in a language they speak or understand. The loss of languages leads to the erosion of cultural knowledge, traditions, and historical narratives. Also, read National Friendship Day
How to Preserve Linguistic Diversity
International Mother Language Day encourages governments, educators, and communities to take active measures in preserving and promoting native languages. Some key strategies include:
1. Promoting Bilingual and Multilingual Education
Studies have shown that bilingual education enhances cognitive development and preserves cultural identity. Schools and institutions should implement policies that support learning in both mother languages and widely spoken languages to ensure effective communication and cultural preservation.
2. Documentation and Digitalization
Recording and archiving linguistic data, including folk tales, poems, and oral traditions, is crucial for maintaining endangered languages for future generations. Initiatives like the Endangered Languages Project help document at-risk languages worldwide.
3. Community Involvement
Local communities play a vital role in passing down language traditions through storytelling, cultural events, and informal education. Countries like Wales and New Zealand have successfully revived Welsh and Māori languages by integrating them into education and media.
4. Government and Policy Support
Governments should implement language-friendly policies that protect linguistic rights and support minority languages through media, administration, and public services. The revival of Hebrew as a modern spoken language is a strong example of how policies can successfully restore a nearly extinct language.
International Mother Language Day serves as a crucial reminder of the value of linguistic diversity and cultural identity. By celebrating this day, societies reaffirm their commitment to preserving mother languages and ensuring that future generations can communicate in their native tongues.